CHAPTER 2

Literature Review


2-1. Introduction of Project Management 
      2-1-1.What project?

           Definition 1: The project is activities that have relation and and use budget  and also use Human Resource clear and short time  for achievement  and noted that for the future ( guide book for fund project plan of Commune  May 2005)
           
           Definition 2: Project is the process of work to achieve through one clearly step we can call cycle of project  work  person and other resources  change  to move to step by step (John Im Nich Las  the book of Project Management for Business and Methodology chapter 1 page2 print the second  of year 2003).
           Definition 3: Project is to do hard follow the regime by responsible for the produce the product and good service ( Mr. Misell Kre  guide book of project Management  chapter 7  print year 1969).
            By the project have the definition that temporary so that the project manager finish the project by limit the time, budget, power, and other resources that prepared it. More over, this the reason that project in the product or service are more better. Project was prepared and put it to the main step and go to the good result. The step of project was created to cycle the project and all of work are connected the same delivery project  step of project and cycle of project.
       2-1-2. How the project was born?
         Project is the request for some one that have planed already, the project management have since 1960 and continuous to the present. The practice need project plane and they were used all institute and private according to work condition need.
         The project management is practice for knowledge, skill, method of description, dividing, control to other process of project, it including plan, scope of project organizing, employment, leading, controlling on development, time systems are the same.              
          The project management is discipline of plane organizing and divided into resources for lead to success, finish, the gold and clear objective is try to work force for finished, beginning, and have date. Project planing also describe many question such as:

1. What the problem on the project?  Why it need necessary to support?   
2. What work follow the plan ? What production important ?
3. Who involve it ? And how they responsible in the project ?
4. How many time to do project? When it useful?  When it strong? When it finish?

      The project management was briefly having three     sides or three hooks that they have three important  Time, Payable, and Scope.   

       2-1-3. Purpose of Project Management

           The project management for insure to achieve gold that have planed, including preparing, date and budget.

             - Communication

             - Re controlling 

             - Keep document 

             - Meeting

             - Permission

             - Controlling

             - And look forward on communication between one staff to another staff

            The project management doesn't small duty it have beginning and have the end it also doesn't continuous and not the end, it have instrument to measure for limited for its duty. It is reduce risk and make opportunity for success, but the project must be give  the time between payable and scope and clear limitation give and receive good result from project.

       2-2. Cycle of Project  

           2-2-1. Stage of Project

             Step of the project is collecting all actions of the project it always is a result of innovation it have hundred actives and was created by all deliveries. We can put it to original place and try all this activities. We are collect activities tie it and so we can process it easy and follow the system. The total we can put it to stage by stage such as:

              First Stage : Point out the schedule 

                   The situation of National  and private must be analysis note barrier problem and have opportunity on corporation also can be do, this case is involve to remember about social economic and priority to donor. The purpose for noted agreement and corporation  are priority and give communication about program plane and priority to in that it and noted to prepared. For the methodology priority was appraisals follow experience.

               Second Step: Notion of project

              General opinion for to do project and other activities was they noted and control for resume this problem involved consultant with audience and who get useful from project on each activities to analysis on the problem and signification choice for show all this problem. Decision was to do for communication of the concept of each project and also who receive profit from program plane.

              Third Step: Evaluation  

          It is related to concept of general project that was developed on the project     performance. Receiver profit from project attention and noted detail on the project and evaluated  infinite of the project. Basic evaluation, decision and carefully about financial and find donor for project.

              Fourth Step: Financial 

                   Request are controlling by comity that have ability and decision to find fund for project performance the country that give fund has agree and follow the process of the project and document prepared for the project fund.

            Five-th  Step : Project Performance 

                   Project always mobile and executive this is contract need for help technique and supporter. During process of project and involve project management, evaluation truth with to involve plan, and limit that how the project work and successful follow gold or not ? if  necessary plan must be set gold again for follow the plan and not move to another gold.

           Sixth Stage : Evaluation Project   

                      The donor country or partner fund appraisal project for limited what that make successful. Evaluation is made it for correct about prepare project for in the future. Even thought, cycle of project always evaluation about stage that was born from project it is also practice. Evaluation is made only the project have alive. 

            2-2-2  Instruction  

           Cycle of project are collecting  all stages, name and number of it was limited of management organization that have involve with project. Example all six stages are the sample of life cycle of project. By just prepare and have a lot of chance that control by donor sponsor. At the end of each stage project always they admire and delivery to controlling again or whole project was finished. This the process of organization need and protect from their investment because by type of result that delivery are different from one industry to one industry, and project management and also stage of it was used different.

                    Cycle of project mean prepare plan and practice activities plan through each stage are of the process do for their staff.

. Cycle of Project Divided in to 3 Stages  

1. Cycle of project select of main points of decision need information and responsible each stages.
2. All stages in each project are continuing, it stage necessary finished it and the next stage must be a rang it to solve for successful.
3. Cycle of project help to encourage from evaluation for create experience become prepare program and plane for future.

       The purpose of project cycle ensure that all the involve have to decision and depending on communication and have enough information, separation of cycle project of six stags get basic minimum effective of preparing project process and evaluation of project  in performance are different depending on type of program executing.  

         On the other hand, it is most importance for coordinate for executive in the field work follow of the step of cycle project that have the gold.

         2-2-3. Project cycle Management:

              The Project cycle management was guide by EUROPE committee early 1990s for correct quality of organize project management and correct effective. Project management inter grade  all stages all stage in cycle project and for all point have problem was controlling are system. Follow this method ensure that gold and point that have problem still keep it  for take care. The principle for project management such as: